Validity of Age Determinations from Scales of Brown Trout, Rainbow Trout, and Brook Trout

1954 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Alvord
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Age Determinations

Bacterial Kidney Disease in Feral Populations of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), Brown Trout (Salmo trutta), and Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1370-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Mitchum ◽  
Loris E. Sherman ◽  
George T. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease ◽  
Live Fish ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Incidence and effects of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) were determined in wild, naturally reproducing populations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in a small lake and stream system in southeastern Wyoming, USA where BKD epizootics have been observed since 1972. During 1976, dead fish were collected at three upstream stations, and 60 live fish were collected from each of 11 stations. All fish were necropsied, and virological, bacteriological, and parasitological examinations were conducted by standard methods. An indirect fluorescent antibody technique was used to detect the BKD organism in cultures and kidney tissue smears. Bacterial kidney disease was diagnosed in 100% of the dead brook trout collected. Incidence among live fish ranged from 83% at an upstream station to only 3% at the most downstream location, and was highest in brook trout and lowest in rainbow trout. Two longnose suckers (Catostomus catostomus), the only non-salmonids collected, were found negative for BKD. Clinical signs of infection and the most severe infections were found only in brook trout. Five age-classes of feral brook trout were involved in the epizootics. Since other known pathogens were essentially absent, it is believed that all deaths were due to BKD. Relationships between species susceptibility to BKD, age-classes, water chemistry and water temperatures, and certain ecological conditions are discussed. Key words: bacterial kidney disease, feral trout, epizootics, brook trout, brown trout, rainbow trout

Changes in the visual pigments of trout

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 901-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Allen ◽  
William N. McFarland ◽  
Frederick W. Munz ◽  
Hugh A. Poston
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Visual Pigments ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Canopy Access

The proportions of two visual pigments (rhodopsin and porphyropsin) were examined in four species of trout under experimental and natural conditions. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and brown trout (Salmo trutta) have different relative proportions of visual pigments in their retinae. The visual pigment balance in wild cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) is related to forest canopy (access to light) and season. The brown trout have a more red-sensitive and less labile pair of visual pigments than brook or rainbow trout, which respond to photic conditions by increasing the proportion of porphyropsin (in light) and increasing rhodopsin (in darkness). The brown trout have a high percentage of porphyropsin, regardless of experimental conditions. This result does not reflect an inability to form rhodopsin but rather may relate to a consistently high proportion of 3-dehydroretinol in the pigment epithelium. The possible advantages and mechanisms of environmental control of trout visual pigment absorbance, as currently understood, are discussed.

Trends in the Distribution and Abundance of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and Nonnative Trout in Idaho

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Meyer ◽  
Erin I. Larson ◽  
Christopher L. Sullivan ◽  
Brett High
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Trout Population ◽  
Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The distribution and abundance of Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri across their native range is relatively well-known, but evaluations of trends in distribution and abundance over time are lacking. In 2010–2011, we resurveyed 74 stream reaches in the upper Snake River basin of Idaho that were sampled in the 1980s and again in 1999–2000 to evaluate changes in the distribution and abundance of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and nonnative trout over time. Yellowstone cutthroat trout occupied all 74 reaches in the 1980s, 70 reaches in 1999–2000, and 69 reaches in 2010–2011. In comparison, rainbow trout O. mykiss and rainbow × cutthroat hybrid occupancy increased from 23 reaches in the 1980s to 36 reaches in 1999–2000, and then declined back to 23 reaches in 2010–2011. The proportion of reaches occupied by brown trout Salmo trutta and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis was largely unchanged across time periods. Yellowstone cutthroat trout abundance declined from a mean of 40.0 fish/100 linear meters of stream in the 1980s to 32.8 fish/100 m in 2010–2011. In contrast, estimates of abundance increased over time for all species of nonnative trout. Population growth rate (λ) was therefore below replacement for Yellowstone cutthroat trout (mean  =  0.98) and above replacement for rainbow trout (1.07), brown trout (1.08), and brook trout (1.04), but 90% confidence intervals overlapped unity for all species. However, λ differed statistically from 1.00 within some individual drainages for each species. More pronounced drought conditions in any given year resulted in lower Yellowstone cutthroat trout abundance 1 y later. Our results suggest that over a span of up to 32 y, the distribution and abundance of Yellowstone cutthroat trout in the upper Snake River basin of Idaho appears to be relatively stable, and nonnative trout do not currently appear to be expanding across the basin.

scholarly journals Study and development of methods for obtaining intergeneric hybrids of salmonids (Salmonidae (Jarocki or Schinz, 1822)) for achieving the effect of heterosis and increasing their productivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
A. Mruk ◽  
◽  
G. Kucheruk ◽  
L. Galoyan ◽  
N. Mykhailenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Average Body Length ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

Purpose. To study the possibility of obtaining highly productive intergeneric salmonid hybrids between rainbow trout and brook trout; brown trout and brook trout; rainbow trout and brown trout, as well as to develop methodological approaches and determine of optimal variants of hybrid crosses. Findings. In order to obtain intergeneric hybrids, we used six variants of hybrid crosses with brood fish of three salmonids belonging to three families (Salmo, Oncorhynhus, Salvelinus). The study used age-4 female rainbow trout with average body weight of 3296.8 g, Fork length was 62.6 cm, and the average working fecundity was 7420 eggs. Age-3 rainbow trout males had an average body weight of 1613 g and an average body length of 49.8 cm; age-3 brown trout females had an average body weight of 453.8 g and average working fecundity of 1540 eggs, and males had an average weight of 458.7 g; age-3 brook trout females had an average weight of 809.7 g and a length of 38.9 cm with working fecundity of 1732 eggs, and age-4 males had an average weight of 1212.8 g and an average body length of 46.0 cm. Twelve variants of fertilization were used: six variants at normal water temperature and six variants after a temperature shock. Under natural conditions, the creation of intergeneric hybrids is almost impossible, except for variants between brown trout and brook trout, which is due to the similarity of their biology. However, the efficiency of this cross is low and economically impractical for fish farmers. When applying the temperature shock during fertilization, hybrids proved to be the most effective, where females were rainbow trout, and males were brook trout and brown trout. The average weight of young-of-the-year intergeneric hybrids was, depending on the species of fish, from 8 to 54 g. The highest results were obtained for the creation of hybrids where following broodstock was used: ♂brook trout Х ♀brown trout; ♂brown trout Х ♀rainbow trout. In these variants of crossbreeding, the survival rate of young-of-the-year during the period of cultivation was 94.8 and 92.8%, respectively. In particular, the above hybrids did not suffer from infectious diseases during the growing period. Originality. New data on the development of methods for obtaining viable offspring of newly created hybrids were obtained, and the optimal variants of crossing between females and males of these salmonids were determined. Practical value. The results can be used for artificial breeding of salmonids in specialized farms that will allow obtaining high quality products and reducing their costs. Key words:rainbow trout, brown trout, brook trout, incubation, free embryos, larvae, fry, young-of-the-year.

Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages

2006 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Base Flow Index ◽  
Local Habitat

<em>Abstract.</em>—Effective management of salmonid populations in the Great Lakes basin requires understanding how their distribution and density vary spatially. We used a hierarchical approach to evaluate the predictive capabilities of landscape conditions, local habitat features, and potential effects from coinhabiting salmonids on the distribution and densities of rainbow trout <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>, brook trout <em>Salvelinus fontinalis, </em>brown trout <em>Salmo trutta</em>, and coho salmon <em>O. kisutch </em>within the majority of the Canadian tributaries of Lake Ontario. We collected fish assemblage, instream habitat, and water temperature data from 416 wadeable stream sites. Landscape characteristics were obtained for each site’s catchment and summarized into six key attributes (drainage area, base flow index, percent impervious cover (PIC), reach slope, elevation, and location with respect to permanent fish barriers). Classification trees indicated that PIC in a catchment was a critical predictor of salmonid distribution, in that beyond a threshold of 6.6–9 PIC, all salmonids were predicted to be absent. Base flow index and barriers were also important predictors of the distribution of salmonids. Models generally provided higher classification success at predicting absence (86–98%) than predicting presence (63–87%). Landscape features were the best predictors of densities of rainbow and brook trout (adjusted <em>r</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.49 and 0.30 respectively), although the local habitat features were almost as effective for predicting brook trout (<em>r</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.23). Local habitat features (proportion of riffles and pools, substrate, cover, and stream temperature), and presence of other salmonids produced the best predictive model for brown trout. Coho salmon was only locally distributed in the basin, and the derived model was driven by spatial characteristics rather than ecological processes. Our models estimate 653,000 juvenile rainbow trout and 231,000 brook trout (all age-classes) in our study streams. Finally, we estimate that current brook trout distribution in our study area is only 21% of its historic range.

Transmission of Bacterial Kidney Disease from Wild to Stocked Hatchery Trout

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Mitchum ◽  
Loris E. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease

Natural, horizontal transmission of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) from infected wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to newly stocked hatchery brook trout, brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was shown in a small lake and stream system in southeastern Wyoming, USA. Stocked trout were infected naturally and died in 9 mo or less after exposure to infected wild fish. Dead and live fish collected from each of three stations were necropsied. Fluorescent antibody techniques (FAT) were used to detect the BKD organism in all samples. Low severity infections were often detected by FAT at a higher rate when feces were examined as compared to kidney tissues from the same fish. Because other known pathogens were essentially absent, BKD was diagnosed as the cause of all deaths in both stocked hatchery fish and wild fish. Rainbow trout were found to be the most refractory species.Key words: bacterial kidney disease, natural disease transmission, wild trout, brook trout, brown trout, rainbow trout, epizootics

scholarly journals Differences between white and red muscle fibers diameter in three salmon fish species

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Karahmet ◽  
A. Viles ◽  
A. Katica ◽  
N. Mlaco ◽  
A. Toroman
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional

Because of skeletal muscle is the main contributor to body weight in most fish, it is probable that the species of the fish is limited by the growth of this tissue. Several aspects of both somatic size and skeletal muscle growth was investigated in this research work included a total of 20 brown trout (Salmo truta m. fario Lineus), 20 brook trout (Salvelinus alpinus) and 20 rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykkis Walbaum), the average weight of 200 grams. Gathered data showed that rainbow trout has a faster increasing white muscles then other two fish species at same body weight. Main peak of diameter white muscles was 31-40 ?m (30.55%) and 41-50 ?m (22.15%) for rainbow trout. In mean time in the other two fish groups (brown trout and brook trout) was 21-30 ?m (40.1% or 39.27%) and 31-40 ?m (39.27% or 33.85%) of measured cross sectional areas. Distribution measured cross sectional areas of red muscles laniary goes down from the <20 ?m to >71 ?m.

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